ELONCITY’S
TARGET MARKETS
The potential markets for
the Eloncity Solution would be areas that are being served by fossil fuel and
nuclear powered centralized grid, or areas that lack electricity services.
Eloncity’s market penetration strategy intends on providing full turnkey
solutions in areas that lack electricity infrastructure, while simultaneously
offering tailored Eloncity solutions to incumbent utilities to address the
chronic challenges facing the existing centralized grids. The restructuring of
existing utility regulatory regimes is not prerequisite for the success of
Eloncity market transformations.
During the initial market
development phase, the Foundation will focus on disaster-prone and rural areas
because these areas: (a) either have no electricity services or most vulnerable
to electricity service disruptions, which would benefit the most from the
Eloncity Model; (b) typically lack the local capacity to plan and create the
safe, secure and sustainable energy future; and (c) are hard-to-reach and
underserved communities. With a more reliable, secured, affordable decentralized
renewable energy system, Eloncity microgrids aid underserved communities in
rural areas to join the mainstream economy.
Concurrently, the
Foundation will collaborate with utilities in dense urban areas to provide the
Eloncity Model to address pockets of constrained service areas on the
centralized grids. During periods of high energy demands, the congested areas
do not have the adequate T&D capacity to import needed electricity to meet
the customer’s energy needs reliably. The traditional solution would be costly
grid infrastructure upgrades and re-commission fossil fuel or nuclear power
plants. On the other hand, Eloncity Model produces renewable energy locally for
local consumption thus negating the need for costly upgrades of the centralized
grid infrastructure.
DECENTRALIZED
ENERGY STORAGE
Decentralized renewable
resources such as solar PV or windmills produce energy intermittently and thus
cannot be counted on as reliable primary energy supply. However, optimally
coupled local BESS, management of customer energy demand (e.g., not running the
clothes dryer during a period of no renewable energy production or running said
clothes dryer during periods of excess renewable energy production), and the
local renewable generators, intermittent renewable resources can be transformed
into firmed, reliable, dispatchable and valuable power. The DCbus Scheduler
harmonized EDEA’s key building blocks (i.e., cryptoeconomics, blockchain energy
exchange platform, real-time locational energy pricing, highly efficient
bidirectional energy network, BESS, etc.) to maximize asset utilization rate and
create attractive revenue streams for coupled BESS and local renewable
generations. Additionally, customers who purchase ECTP-compliant BESS, such as
the POMCube NetZero, will receive ECTs as the financial incentive for using
their BESS for storing newly harvested renewable energy and help to smooth out
the local energy supply-demand.
These ongoing revenue
opportunities, ECT incentives, together with efficient asset utilization would
transform BESS and renewable generation assets into attractive investments. The
Foundation believes energy storage can become investment grade assets as their
return on investment outperforms the fixed income investments.
On an Eloncity microgrid,
the BESS helps smooth the local energy exchange by providing the critically needed
ingress and egress buffer on the customer premise. The BESS energy demands, and
thus contributes to local grid stability and mitigates the needs for costly
standby capacity services of the typical centralized grid system. For
transitional microgrid (i.e., microgrid that does not have sufficient local
energy generations to meet local demands), the BESS also enables these
microgrids to import energy at predictable and stable levels. During peak
demand periods when the imported energy is not adequate to fulfill the local
demands, the BESS will discharge to fulfill the deficit capacity thus allows
the microgrid to maintain energy imports at a constant rate. The predictable
and stable energy import levels would be important for the microgrid operator
to negotiate for more competitive power purchase price. Similarly, during
periods of low demand, BESS goes into charging mode to absorb excess local
renewable energy production. BESS power absorption helps to prevent
intermittent power injection into the local grid and minimize grid disturbance.
In summary, BESS plays the critical role on an Eloncity microgrid as an energy
buffer to facilitate more stable and optimal energy supply-demand ecosystem.
The current EDEA employs
two different BESS - one runs at 358.4Vdc to 428.8Vdc and the second system
operates in the range of 1200Vdc. The lower voltage BESS are primarily deployed
on customer sites, while the high voltage BESS is designed specifically for
Baseload Service Providers (BLSPs). The higher voltage BESS allows the BLSPs to
transport electricity around the Eloncity microgrid with minimal losses, while
the lower voltage BESS is more suitable for customer electronic appliance and
equipment that typically operates at voltage levels below 400 Vdc. The
overarching design strategy for both BESS is to minimize the required
conversion circuitry on the power control system (PCS). EDEA adopts the single
stage DC/DC or DC/AC converter whenever possible so that each BESS would
achieve at least 95% conversion efficiency. The DC/DC converter, between DCbus
and BESS, will reach 99% conversion efficiency because the DCbus-BESS interface
voltages are maintained at the same level.
To maximize battery cell
life, all BESS are protected by Battery Management System (BMS) that prevents
the battery cells from overcharging, over-discharging or overcurrent (short
circuit). Because of high voltage design, the discharging current is usually significantly
lower than the battery cell’s design limits. Therefore, the Eloncity BESS
design has significantly longer product useful life cycle compared to the
typical battery system that uses low-voltage design.
DECENTRALIZED
RENEWABLE GENERATION
Whether electricity
generation is decentralized energy depends on where it is generated.
Decentralized energy system generates electricity where it is needed. On the
other hand, the centralized grid generates electricity in large remote power
plants, then the electricity must then be transported over long distances at
high voltage to the customer sites for consumptions. It does not matter what
technology is employed, whether it is used in connection with an existing grid
or a remote village, or whether the power comes from a clean renewable source
or burning fossil fuel or a nuclear power plant: if the electricity generator
is ‘on-site’ or ‘locally’, then it is decentralized energy. This means that
decentralized energy could include technologies that polluted the environment
such as diesel generators. However, the Eloncity Model builds upon the premise
of using local renewable energy to fulfill local demands.
The Eloncity Model
employs local renewable resources to mitigate risk to the environment and
public health while increasing the local power system resilience and
adaptability. The renewable generation technologies of Eloncity Model include
solar PV, windmills plus other generation technologies optimized for local
renewable resources and suitable for deployment in the target community.
DIRECT
CURRENT MICROGRIDS
The bulk of modern power
grids distribute electrical energy in AC because AC voltage can be easily
changed with transformers. The flexibility of changing AC voltage levels allows
the AC power to be transmitted through power lines efficiently at high-voltage
low-current to minimize energy loss due to the resistance of long transmission
wires. Near the load centers such as cities or neighborhoods, the high voltage
AC is stepped down to a lower, safer, voltage for use. However, AC was the only
feasible format for transporting electricity over longdistance when the
transformer was the only option to alter the voltage 130 years ago (to harness
power from Niagara Falls17. There are numerous disadvantages of the AC grids
such as the required costly ancillary services to ensure the quality of
delivered AC power, power losses in the T&D wires, vulnerabilities of the
large T&D network sprawling over vast areas. The required ancillary
services, T&D losses, outages due to grid failures, cost utilities and the
world economies hundreds of billions of dollars annually. Unfortunately, the
ratepayers bear the cost of the inefficient AC grids.
With the advances in
power electronics, DC/DC converters are used to change the DC voltage at
significantly higher conversion efficiency, typically greater than 98 percent.
The DC networks allow load sites to tie into the networks much more efficient
as long as interface voltages are the same. DC power does not require the complex
and costly frequency and phase synchronization. BESS deployed in the Eloncity
microgrids acts as the spinning reserve to maintain the required DC voltage
levels with the advantages of significantly faster response in term of seconds
versus minutes of the traditional fossil fuel peaker generators of the
centralized AC grids. Moreover, BESS would be deployed directly on
customer-site or within the communities, which allows BESS operation to be
highly tailored to the local supply-demand profiles.
The power flows in
Eloncity microgrids are managed by DCbuses Scheduler deployed throughout the
microgrid service areas. Each customer site is connected to the endpoints on
the DCbus, where these endpoints function as DC/DC converters and voltage
regulator. The endpoints maintain high power quality levels for each customer
site. When the endpoints detect excessive intermittent loads or power exports
from customer sites, the endpoints would temporarily disconnect the deviated
customer site from the local system, thus mitigating intermittencies
propagating through the microgrid. The granular power flows management of an
Eloncity microgrid offers superior delivered power quality as compare to
existing centralized AC grids or other AC microgrids.
The size of a DC network is
also a critical factor for the quality of the power delivered. The service
radius of an Eloncity microgrid will be optimized around the one-mile service
radius. Since all renewable energy is produced natively in DC, therefore a
microgrid based on DC power architecture would more be efficient and able to
provide higher quality delivered power as compare to an equivalent AC microgrid
or the centralized AC grid. However, the Eloncity Model can be easily optimized
for existing built environment with existing AC grid infrastructure. The
Foundation will collaborate with the local utility and community to provide
tailored Eloncity Model for each project site.
DC
POWERED HOMES
Modern home appliances
that use motors are equipped with electronic variable frequency drives (VFD) to
maximize energy efficiency. The appliance’s built-in inverter draws 100-120 Vac
or 208-240 Vac from the AC wall sockets and electronically rectifies the AC
power into DC power. Then the inverter transforms the rectified DC power back
to AC at the various desired frequency to support the varying appliance loads.
The lighter the workload is, the lower the frequency is set. In other words,
our modern appliances are essentially operated in some form of DC power.
Similarly, most modern
home and office equipment, (e.g., laptop, LED lights, LCD TV, etc.) run on low
DC voltage through transformer-less power adapters. These adapters convert AC
power from the wall sockets into DC powers by using high-frequency power
transistors such as the metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect transistor
(MOSFET). In fact, all of the MOSFET-based AC/DC converters are fully
compatible with DC power, which means these DC adapters would operate normally
when they are plugged a 75V - 300V DC power socket.
So, why do we still need
AC at homes and offices? s explained
earlier, electricity for the mass markets has been around since the 1880s in AC
primarily to support the needs to transport mass-produced electricity from
large power plants located remotely from the load centers in the cities. As a
result, all of the existing appliances are made to be AC compatible, even
though they operate in native DC power.
It is ironic that we
convert locally renewable DC power to AC and then reconvert back to DC to
powers our devices while wasting a significant amount of precious energy in
repeated AC-DC-AC power conversions. Adopting DC power for our home and
workplaces can mitigate these ongoing wastes.
200 to 400 Vdc can be
used to directly power modern VFD-driven heating and air-conditioning,
refrigerators, washing machines, and other typical home and office appliances.
Similarly, practically all of today’s information technology devices are
already equipped with solid state power adapter, and they can be powered
directly by 200Vdc. Therefore, the Foundation proposes all newly constructed
buildings to be powered by DC so that local renewable resources can power our
devices and appliances efficiently and eliminate wasteful AC-DC-AC conversions.
The Foundation will
collaborate with manufacturers, standard bodies, customer advocate groups, and
other stakeholder groups to introduce the universal plugs and sockets for
200Vdc so that, everywhere we go, we will be plugged into much more energy
efficient energy infrastructure. This approach is consistent with advanced
energy policies in key markets, such as California, to make energy efficiency
as the first loading order in term of energy procurements and system planning.
The envisioned new DC plugs and sockets, called the 200VDC Connectors, will
have a built-in safety mechanism to eliminate hazard such as electric arcing.
The 200VDC Connector may also include data pins for exchanging device
information in smart home and smart building. The device information would be
sent to the building’s power systems so that these devices can be seamlessly
integrated into the building’s intelligent demand-side management. The
demand-side management refers to the management of customer energy demands to
ensure the local energy supply and demand are harmonized. However, the 200Vdc
Connector standard may take significant efforts and time, therefore Eloncity’s
marketing and education efforts in the next two to three years would be focused
on major appliances with high energy consumption such as HVAC, water heating,
clothes washer, and dryers. The near-term development efforts will focus on
high-energy appliances because these are the low-hanging fruits that yield
significant energy savings with the DC power system. Moreover, hard-wired
equipment such as HVAC does not need the new standardized DC Connector to take
advantage of the DC power system.
Information
ICO
Ticker: ECT
Token type: ERC20
ICO Token Price: 1 ECT = 0.12 USD
Fundraising Goal: 33,000,000 USD
Total Tokens: 1,000,000,000
Available for Token Sale: 32%
Know Your Customer
(KYC): YES (PERIOD ISN'T SET)
Сan't participate: CHINA, USA
Min/Max Personal
Cap: 0.1 ETH / 3 ETH
Accepts: ETH
ELONCITY
Private Contribution Registration has started on June 28, 2018.
Volume: 1,000,000,000 ECT Finite amount of ECT created. No inflation.
Maximum token amount for contribution: 32%
Mining for stored renewables: 32%
Team: 7.5%
ELONCITYLab: 14.5%
Marketing: 14%
Soft cap: $10,000,000.
Hard cap: $33,000,000.
*Private contribution : $19,000,000 (Open)
Vesting period: 9-months locking position with 10% of token released at the
same time as the main token release (six (6) weeks after the completion of the
main contribution). Thereafter, 10% token released per month in 9 consecutive
phases.
1 USD = 9.8 ECT (Only ETH and BTC are accepted, Value will be pegged to USD
listed on the coinmarketcap on the day of the contribution. Contribution starts
from $200,000 USD and maxed out at $600,000 USD, 15% off discount applied).
*Cornerstone contribution: $6,000,000 （N/A)
*Public contribution: $8,000,000 （N/A)
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